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Access to genetic information in the form of sequenced DNA holds the promise of discovering the origin of diseases such as cancer or Alzheimer's disease. However, analyzing the genome of an organism — whether it's a human, primate, or bacteria — requires sequencing millions of DNA bases. To do this, fluorescent tags associated with each of the four DNA bases (A, C, G, T) are used. These tags give rise to the measured signals that identify the bases terminating a given sequence upon excitation by laser.
The potential medical benefits of gene sequencing, as well as the staggering volumes of DNA involved, are driving development of instrumentation and techniques to process more DNA, more rapidly. In traditional microcapillary instrumentation designs, this trend has led to severely reduced fluorescence as a result of higher velocities coupled with smaller and higher density capillaries. New instrument designs which incorporate sequence-by-synthesis strategies and microarray platforms find similar light-level limitations due to the density of spots on an array and the limited volume.
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